Selasa, 29 Juli 2008

Chapter 1. Detailed Assessment and Planning,

Detailed Assessment and Planning, explores the five key elements that define competitive position namely, political intelligence, climate, terrain, leadership and organization characteristics, and how to evaluate your competitive strengths against your competitors.

Importance of War-Sun Tzu

English: Sun Tzu said:"War is of immense importance. Because it will determines the nation and it's people survival. Thus the initial assessment of war is of utmost importance."

Modern: 孙子说:战争是国家大事,它关系到军民的生死、国家的存亡,一定要认真的研究

Original: 孙子曰: 兵者,国之大事,死生之地,存亡之道,不可不察也。

Hanyu Pinyin:Sūn Zǐ yuē: bīng zhě, guó zhī dà shì, sǐ shēng zhī dì, cún wáng zhī dào, bù kě bù chá yě.

Five Major Areas of Assessment - Sun Tzu

English: There are five major areas one should look at and compare them with those of enemies to understand the situation and assess the chances of victory. They are: political intelligence, weather, terrain, generalship and doctrine & law.

Modern: 所以,要从五方面作分析,比较敌我双方的情况,来了解战争的情势:一是道,二是天,三是地,四是将,五是法。

Original: 经之已五,校之以计,而索其情: 一曰道,二曰天,三曰地,四曰将,五曰法。

Hanyu Pinyin:gù jīng zhī yǐ wǔ, jiào zhī yǐ jì, ér suǒ qí qíng: yi yuē dào, èr yuē tiān, sān yuē dì, sì yuē jiàng, wǔ yuē fǎ.

Political Intelligence - Sun Tzu

English: Political Intelligence refers to the ruler's capability to unite the whole nation. In this way, the people are prepared to co-exist and brave danger together with the ruler.

Modern: ,是指民众与国君同一意愿。民众可以在战争中和国君出生入死。

Original: 道者,令民与上同意者也,可与之死,可与之生,民不畏危。

Hanyu Pinyin:dào zhě, lìng mín yǔ shàng tóng yì zhě yě, kě yǔ zhī sǐ, kě yǔ zhī shēng, mín bú wèi wēi

Weather & Terrain - Sun Tzu

English: Weather means day or night, brightness, temperature and seasonal changes. Terrain means route or battlefields condition like high or low, distanced or near, easily accessible or treacherous, width, ease of defence or attack.

Modern: 天是指阴晴,昼夜,暑寒,四季变化。是指地势的高度,距离,险恶易行,广阔狭隘,或者容易攻守。

Original: 天者,阴阳,暑寒,时制也。地者,高下,远近,易险,广狭,死生也。

Hanyu Pinyin: tiān zhě, yīn yáng, shǔ hán, shí zhì yě. dì zhě, yuǎn jìn, xiǎn yì, guǎng xiá, sǐ shēng yě.

How Generals Should be Assessed - Sun Tzu

English: Generals should be assessed by his wisdom, trustworthiness, benevolence, courage and discipline.

Modern:是指将军的智能谋略,信能赏罚,仁能附众,勇能果断,严能立威。

Original: 将者,智,信,仁,勇,严也。

Hanyu Pinyin: jiàng zhě, zhì, xìn, rén, yǒng, yán yě.

Army Organization - Sun Tzu

English: Army organization structure refers to the army organization and control, systems and procedures, and command & control of deployment of resources.

Modern: ,是指军队的编组制度,将吏的管理和后勤支援。

Original: 法者,曲制,管道,主用也。

Hanyu Pinyin: fǎ zhě, qǔ zhì, guǎn dào, zhǔ yòng yě.

Sub-Areas of Assessment - Sun Tzu

English: Generals who are able to assess these five factors well would be able to win and those that could not would fail. Thus in planning, the general must be able to examine, assess and compare the following dimension with those of his enemies to determine the chances of victory.

Which Ruler has a higher Political Intelligence? Which general is more capable? Which side has the advantages created by the weather and terrain? Which side is capable of executing orders effectively and efficiently? Which army is better equipped, stronger and larger in numbers? Which side has better training? Which side is more enlightened in the administration of rewards and punishment?

Base on the comparison, I would be able to see which side will emerge the winner and which would emerge the loser.

Modern: 这五方面,将帅一定得知道,知道的越祥细,胜算就越大,不只是越祥细,而且还需要和敌方做比较,才可知胜算。如:哪一方的国君政治贤明?哪一方的将帅指挥 韬略高明?哪一方得天时地利?哪一方能贯彻执行法令?哪一方的军队较强?哪一方的兵士训练有素?那一方赏罚严明?根据以上,便可知谁胜谁负。

Original: 凡此五者,将莫不闻,知之者胜,不知者不胜。故校之以计,而索其情。 : 主孰有道? 将孰有能? 天地孰得? 法令孰行? 兵众孰强? 士卒孰练? 赏罚孰明? 吾以此观之,而知胜负矣。

Hanyu Pinyin: fán cǐ wǔ zhě, jiàng mò bù wén, zhī zhī zhě shèng, bù zhī zhě bù shèng. gù jiào zhī yǐ jì, ér suǒ qí qíng. yuē: zhǔ shú yǒu dào? jiàng shú yǒu néng? tiān dì shú dé? fǎ lìng shú xíng? bīn zhòng shú qiáng? shì zú shú liàn? shǎng fá shú míng? wú yǐ cǐ guān zhī, ér zhī shèng fù yǐ

Type of Generals to Use - Sun Tzu

English: Generals who adopt my strategies would be able to win the battle; he must be retained. Generals who do not adopt my strategies would not be able to win the battle, he must be removed. Besides adopting the proposed plans and strategies, the general must create or take advantage of situations to push for victories.

Modern: 如果将帅听从我计谋,运用他可得胜利,应该留用。如果将帅不听从我计谋,运用他必失败,应该弃之不用。将帅采取了计策,可也需要利用战争走势,以辅佐作战取胜。所谓是根据有利条件而采取相应措施或行动。

Original: 将听吾计,用之必胜,留之。将不听吾计,用之必败,去之。计利以听,为之势,以佐其外。势者,因利而制权也。

Hanyu Pinyin: jiàng tīng wú jì, yòng zhī bì shèng, liú zhī. jiàng bù tīng wú jì, yòng zhī bì bài,qù zhī. jì lì yǐ tīng, nǎi wéi zhī shì, yǐ zuǒ qí wài. shì zhě yīn lì ér zhì quán yě.

War is About Deception - Sun Tzu

English: War is also about deceptions. When you are capable, feign incapability. When you are good at deployment of units, feign that you are incapable. When you are near, feign that you are far. When you are far away, feign that you are near.

Modern: 战争也需要诡诈。能而假装不能,要用兵或计谋而假装不用,要去近处而假装去远处,要去远处而假装去近处。

Original: 兵者,诡道也。故能而示之不能,用而示之不用,近而示之远,远而示之近。

Hanyu Pinyin: bīng zhě, guǐ dào yě. gù néng ér shì zhī bù néng, yòng ér shì zhī bú yòng, jìn ér shì zhī yuǎn, yuǎn ér shì zhī jìn.

Non-Disclosure & Deceptions - Sun Tzu

English: If the enemy is greedy, use baits to lure him. If the enemy is in disarray, attacked him. If the enemy is strong and have no weaknesses yet, be well-prepared to seize the opportunity to attack. If the enemy is superior in numbers and high morale, avoid engaging them. If the enemy is easily angered, arouse his anger. If the enemy looks down on you, increase his arrogance further. If the enemy is resting, harrass them so that they are not well-rested. If the enemy’s organization is strong, sow discord among them. Attacked places where enemy are not well-prepared or least expect an attack. This is how a war should be fought, in order to win. These strategies should not be disclosed before execution.

Modern: 对于贪利的敌人,用利诱使他;对于处与混乱状态的敌人,乘机攻取他;对于实力充实的敌人,须要防备他;对于兵力强大的敌人,须要避开他;对于容易发怒的敌 人,尽量激怒他;对于鄙视我方的敌人,使他更加骄傲;对与在休息的敌人,要设法使他疲劳;对于内部团结的敌人,尽量分离他们;要在敌人没有防备时发动攻 击,攻击敌人意想不到的的地方。这是兵家取胜之法,不可在执行前外传。

Original: 利而诱之,乱而取之,实而备之,强而避之,怒而扰之,卑而骄之,佚而劳之,亲而离之,攻其不备,出其不意。此乃兵家之胜,不可先传外也。

Hanyu Pinyin: lì ér yòu zhī, luàn ér qǔ zhī, shí ér bèi zhī, qiáng ér bì zhī, nù ér náo zhī, bēi ér jiāo zhī, yì ér láo zhī, qīn ér lí zhī, gōng qí bù bèi, chū qí bú yì. cǐ nǎi bīng jiā zhī shèng, bù kě xiān chuán yě.

Final Stage of Assessment - Sun Tzu

English: In conclusion, those who have considered more details during planning and assessment in the temple will win while those who have considered fewer details will lose. The more details considered, the higher the chances of winning and vice versa. How much more certain is defeat if no planning is done at all? By observing the planning and assessment process, I am able to see whether victory or defeat is expected.

Modern: 凡是未战之前预计能够取胜,是因为筹划周密、取胜条件充分。未战之前预计失败,是因为筹划不周密、取胜条件不够充分。筹划地越周密,胜利条件越充分,就越有胜算;筹划不周,而胜利条件不充分,就肯定失败,更不须要提不筹划会有什么后果。我们根据这些就可看出谁胜谁负。

Original: 夫未战而庙算胜者,得算多也。未战而庙算不胜者,得算少也。多算胜,少算不胜,而况与无算乎也。吾以此观之,胜负可见矣。

Hanyu Pinyin: fū wèi zhàn ér miào suàn shèng zhě, dé suàn duō yě. wèi zhàn ér miào suàn bú shèng zhě, dé suàn shǎo yě. duō suàn shèng, shǎo suàn bú shèng, ér kuàng yú wú suàn hū yě. wú yǐ cǐ guān zhī, shèng fù kě jiàn yǐ.

Sumber : http://www.chinese-wiki.com/Sun_Tzu_Art_of_War_Chapter_1

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