Chapter 2. Waging War,作战 explains the economic nature of competition and how success requires making winning pay, which in turn, requires limiting the cost of competition and conflict.

Raising an Army - Sun Tzu

English: Sun Tzu said: In general, before the start of the military campaign, one would need 1000 speedy chariots, 1000 heavy wagons and 10,000 armored and equipped soldiers. Supplies have to be transported for thousand of miles. There is a need to provide for expenses both at home and at the battlefront. Examples of such expenses are entertainment of visitors and emissaries, procurement of materials like glue and paint and maintenances fees for armor and other equipments. These expenses would amount to 1000 pieces of gold daily. An army of 10,000 could only be raised when the amount is raised.

Modern: 孙子说：凡用兵作战，一般上需要动用战车千辆，辎重车千辆，铠甲十万个，还要越境千里运送粮草；拢总内外开销，如招待宾客费用，补给胶漆等材料，修补铠甲的费用，每日须耗费千金。准备齐了后方可出动十万大军。

Original: 孙子曰: 凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千乘，带甲十万， 馈粮千里;则内外之费用，宾客之用，胶漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万之师可举矣。

Hanyu Pinyin: Sūn Zǐ yuē: fán yòng bīng zhī fǎ, chí chē qiān sì, gé chē qiān chéng dài jiǎ shí wàn, kuì liáng qiān lǐ; zé nèi wài zhī fèi, bīn kè zhī yòng, jiāo qī zhī cái, chē jiǎ zhī fèng, rì fèi qiān jīn, rán hòu shí wàn zhī shī kě jǔ yǐ.

Why Swiftness - Sun Tzu

English: The purpose of raising an army is to achieve swift and decisive victory. If victory cannot be achieved quickly, the army would be lethargic and lose their fighting spirit. When they attacked city walls, they would be greatly exhausted. If the army is out on a military campaign for too long, the nation’s resources would be greatly depleted. When the army is in a bad shape and the resources of the nation are exhausted, other neighboring warlords would capitalize on these weaknesses by launching an attack on us. Even if there are clever and capable strategists or advisors, they would not be able to reverse the situation.

While blunders are known to occur during military operations, one has yet witness a successful military operations where there are long delays. No one has seen a military campaign where the longer the campaign, the more beneficial it is to the nation.

Someone who does not fully understand the inherent danger of deploying troops would also not understand the advantages of using it.

Modern:用这军队，须要求速胜，否则旷日持久会使军队疲惫，锐气受挫，而攻城则力量耗尽，出兵长久则使国家财政受到 影响。一旦陷入持久战，战力下降，士气受挫，财务资源耗尽的情况，诸侯会乘机起兵攻打。到时即使有智者也不能挽回局面。只有听说过用兵拙而速胜，没看过用 兵细巧久战而得胜。战争持久而国家有利的例子更是没有。所以，不能完全了解用兵之害处，则不能完全了解用兵有利之处。

Original: 其用战也贵速，久则兵钝挫锐，攻城则力屈，久暴师则国用不足。夫钝兵挫锐，屈力殚(dān)货，则诸侯乘其弊而起，虽有智者，不能善其后。故兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。夫兵久而国利者，未之有也。故不尽知用兵之害者，则不能尽知用兵之利也。

Hanyu Pinyin: qì yòng zhàn yě guì sù, jiǔ zé bīng dùn cuò rùi, gōng chéng zé lì qū, jiǔ bào shī zé guó yòng bù zú. fū dùn bīng cuò ruì, qū lì dān huò, zé zhū hóu chéng qí bì ér qǐ, suī yǒu zhì zhě, bù néng shàn qí hòu. gù bīng wén zhuō sù, wèi dǔ qiǎo zhī jiǔ yě. fū bīng jiǔ ér guó lì zhě, wèi zhī yǒu yě. gù bú jìn zhī yòng bīng zhī hài zhě, zé bù néng jìn zhī yòng bīng zhī lì yě.

Importance of Managing Resources - Sun Tzu

English: The general who is well-versed with warfare does not require additional conscription of soldiers or require supplies to be delivered to it more than thrice. Military weapons and equipments should be prepared and obtained from the nation and food & supplies should be obtained from the enemies instead so that the army will always be well-fed and have ample supplies.

A nation could become poor due to multiple transportations of supplies over long distance, impoverishing the people. The prices of food and supplies, in the area which the army is located, would inflate. This rise in price would erode the wealth of the people. Nation would impose greater tolls and taxes on the people to cover costs. When the strength of the army is exhausted, and wealth of the nation depleted, every household would be emptied of provisions.

The wealth of the people would be reduced by seventy percent. As for the nation, it would incur the loss of equipments and livestock; chariots, horses, helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shield, oxen and heavy wagons. These losses would be about sixty percent of nation’s assets.

Modern: 善于用兵作战的将军，不会再征集兵队，粮草不运输超过两回；武装配备取用于我国，粮食则征用敌国，这样军队的粮食需求便可满足了。国家会因为多次运输军队 需求而贫穷，多次运输也使百姓贫困。靠近驻军的地方，物价必然上升，而致使百姓和国家财竭，致使国家急需征税。战场上军力用尽，国内各家空虚，百姓的财产 将会用去十分之七。政府的财力也会因为车辆的损坏，马匹的疲惫，盔甲、箭弩、戟盾、矛橹的补充和运输用的牛和车的征用,而损失十分之六.

Original: 善用兵者，役不在籍，粮不三载；取用与国，因粮于敌，故军食可足也。国之贫于师者远输，远输则百姓贫，近于师者贵卖，贵卖则百姓财竭，材竭则急于丘役。力屈，财殚，中原内虚于家。百姓之费，十去其七。公家之费，破车罢马，车胄失弩，戟盾蔽橹，丘牛大车，十去其六。

Hanyu Pinyin: shàn yòng bīng zhě, yì bú zài jí, liáng bú sān zǎi, qǔ yòng yú guó, yīn liáng yú dí, gù jūn shí kě zú yě. guó zhī pín yú shī zhě yuǎn shū, yuǎn shū zé bǎi xìng pín, jìn yú shī zhě guì mài, guì mài zé bǎi xìng cái jié, cái jié zé jí yú qiū yì. lì qū, cái dān, zhōng yuán nèi xū yú jiā. bǎi xìng zhī fèi, shí qù qí qī. gōng jiā zhī fèi, pò chē bà mǎ, jiǎ zhòu shī nǔ, jǐ dùn bì lǔ, qiū niú dà chē, shí qù qí liù.

One Unit of Enemy's Resources - Sun Tzu

English: Hence, a wise general would always make it a point to use the supplies and provisions of the enemy. Consuming one cartload of enemies’ provision is equivalent to twenty cartload of our own. Consuming one piculs of enemies’ fodder is equivalent to twenty piculs of our own.

Modern: 所以明智的将军，务求用敌方的粮食。因为用敌方一种粮食，就等于我方二十种粮食。用敌方一石饲料，等于我方二十石饲料。

Original: 故智将务食于敌，食敌一种，当吾二十种；箕杆一石，當吾二十石。

Hanyu Pinyin: gù zhì jiāng wù shí yú dí, shí dí yì zhōng, dāng wú èr shí zhōng, dāng wú èr shí zhōng; qí gǎn yì shí, dāng wú èr shí shí.

To Kill & Capture Enemy's Resource - Sun Tzu

English: In order to kill the enemies, you need to make your troops hate them. To motivate your troops to plunder enemies’ resources, you need to reward them with material rewards. In a chariot battle, the first person who is able to capture more than ten enemy chariots should be rewarded. We should then remove and replace the banners on captured chariots with ours and use it together with ours. Captured soldiers should be treated well. Only in this way, can we win the enemies and become stronger in the process.

Modern: 能让士兵奋勇杀敌是怒气， 能让士兵勇于夺取敌方物资是奖赏。在车战中，凡得战车十辆以上，奖赏最先夺取战车者，更换车上旌旗，并编入我方战车部队。优待被俘虏的敌方士兵和使用他们。这就是所谓能胜过敌人，又壮大我方的方法。

Original: 故杀敌者，怒也; 取敌之利者，货也。故车战，得车十乘以上，赏其先得者，而更其旌旗，车杂而乘之;卒善而养之，是谓胜敌而益强。

Hanyu Pinyin: gù shā dí zhě, nù yě; qǔ dí zhī lì zhě, huò yě. gù chē zhàn, dé chē shí chéng yǐ shàng, shǎng qí xiān dé zhě, ér gēng qí jīng qí, chē zá ér chéng zhī; zú shàn èr yǎng zhī, shì wèi shèng dí ér yì qiáng.

Importance of a Good General Part (I) - Sun Tzu

English: In war, it is better to go for swift victories rather than engaging in a prolong campaign. Thus a general who is adept in warfare is also the controller of people’s fate and nation’s survival.

Modern: 所以用兵作战宜速胜，不宜持久作战。熟悉用兵之法的将军，是掌握人民生死命运的人，国家安危的主宰。

Original: 故兵贵胜，不贵久。故知兵之将，生民之司命，国家安危之主也。

Hanyu Pinyin: gù bīng guì shèng, bú guì jiǔ. gù zhī bīng zhī jiàng, shēng mín zhī sī mìng, guó jiā ān wēi zhī zhǔ yě.

Sumber : http://www.chinese-wiki.com/Sun_Tzu_Art_of_War_Chapter_2